In 2023, more than 2,300 people died due to excessive heat, marking a new record according to an analysis by the Associated Press based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As extreme heat becomes more prevalent across the country, the incidence of heat-related illnesses, such as heat stroke, is expected to increase significantly.
Understanding Heat Stroke
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat-related illness and is considered a medical emergency. Dr. Jared Braunstein, a board-certified internist at the Medical Offices of Manhattan, explains that heat stroke occurs when the body absorbs more heat than it can expel through sweating, causing a rapid rise in body temperature. "When the body’s temperature reaches 104 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, heat stroke can occur," Braunstein states.
According to the CDC, body temperature can escalate to dangerous levels within just 10 to 15 minutes. Without prompt treatment, heat stroke can lead to permanent disability, organ damage, or death.
Recognizing and Responding to Heat Exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a milder form of heat-related illness that can progress to heat stroke if not addressed. Symptoms include headache, increased heart rate, and weakness. Dr. Stephen Vogel, a family medicine physician with PlushCare, emphasizes the importance of recognizing these symptoms and taking action to cool down to prevent heat stroke.
Symptoms and Risk Factors of Heat Stroke
Symptoms of heat stroke include confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, a body temperature of at least 104 degrees Fahrenheit, hot and dry skin, and slurred speech. Heat stroke can occur during physical activity in hot conditions or even when sedentary in high temperatures.
Certain groups are more vulnerable to heat stroke, including:
- Individuals over 65
- Pregnant women
- Young children
- People with chronic medical conditions like congestive heart failure, diabetes, or severe high blood pressure
- Those taking medications that increase sensitivity to heat
What to Do If Someone Is Having a Heat Stroke
If you suspect someone is having a heat stroke, immediate medical attention is crucial. Call 911 and take the following steps while waiting for help to arrive:
- Move the person to a cooler location, preferably indoors with air conditioning or in the shade.
- Elevate their legs slightly to improve blood flow to the heart.
- Check their temperature if possible.
- Offer hydration.
- Immerse them in cold or ice water if possible, or use cool towels and change them frequently.
Treating Heat Stroke
Once at a medical facility, treatments for heat stroke include blowing fans on wet skin, administering cooled IV fluids, using cooling mattresses, applying cool towels, and submerging the patient in an ice bath. Rapid treatment is essential to prevent complications.
Preventing Heat Stroke
To prevent heat stroke, consider these tips:
- Monitor the heat index along with the temperature.
- Stay hydrated by drinking water every 15 minutes when outside.
- Wear loose, light-colored clothing.
- Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 15.
- Seek shade or air conditioning if you feel overheated.
- Schedule outdoor activities for cooler parts of the day.
- Keep your car cool by cracking windows and using a sun visor.
- Have a backup plan for cooling during natural disasters or power outages.
Source
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